It appears that the FAA is moving towards Just Culture at least as far as ATC is concerned. Hopefully this shift in Safety Culture will apply to all segments of the industry. However, it seems there is confusion about Just Culture non-blame and non-punitive aspects.
It does not mean if I report it I can get away with it. It was never meant to relieve people from their personal responsibility. It is meant to encourage people to report problems which are related to the organisation and the management system without fearing retribution, and it actually works.
There are several reasons why procedurers may not work, the most common is it was not communicated to everyone properly (training issue) or it could just be a bad procedure (wrong information, not effective, badly written etc..).
Just Culture will require extensive training at all levels for the cultural shift to happen. Mandating SMS (of which Just Culture is a part) will definitely help.
This will throw some light on the subject http://www.flightsafety.org/gain/just_culture.pdf
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